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Young woman with dark curls, a wreath of gold leaves, very large eyes, gold earrings and a reddish tunic

Portrait of a Young Woman in Red

Fayum mummy portraits, 90–120

What you see

Seen face-on, the young woman fills nearly the whole panel. A wreath of small gold leaves circles her black curls, which frame an oval face with heavy brows and enormous eyes. Two small earrings gleam at either side, and a beaded necklace lies at her throat. She wears a reddish tunic with a black stripe running down the left.

The palette is warm: ochre, rust red and brown. The surface is crazed, and fine vertical cracks in the wood run across the face and chest. The lower part is badly worn, with reddish stains and patches of bare wood. Look closely at the wreath, built from tiny diamonds of gold, and at the catchlights in her eyes.

About Fayum mummy portraits

The Fayum portraits are some 900 portraits painted on wooden panels in Roman Egypt between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD by artists whose names we do not know. They were placed over the face of the mummy, held in place by the linen wrappings, and painted in encaustic (beeswax mixed with pigments) or tempera with striking realism. They are one of the largest groups of panel paintings to survive from classical antiquity, and their frontal gaze foreshadows icon painting.

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